{"id":147185,"date":"2019-12-09T00:01:34","date_gmt":"2019-12-09T07:01:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/?p=147185"},"modified":"2020-05-11T23:01:53","modified_gmt":"2020-05-12T05:01:53","slug":"what-is-fleece","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/2019\/12\/what-is-fleece\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Fleece? Comfort and Warmth Through Plastics"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"mceTemp\"><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Somewhere (hopefully hidden in a dark place), there\u2019s a photograph of seven-year-old me, grinning and clad in a rather offensive mustard-colored fleece jacket trimmed with navy piping. If my expression is anything to go by then the jacket was a hit at the time, and I do have a few hazy memories of wearing this eyesore way-back-when. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Heddels editor, David, has a similar story, \u201cI still remember when I was eight years old, when I first received an item made of fleece, or &#8216;Polartec&#8217; as it was called at the time. It blew my mind that you could have something this soft, fuzzy, light, and warm all blended into the same material. Then I discovered it was made of the same thing as soda bottles.\u201d It got us thinking about how the plush stuff is made and what makes it so good, so read on for our deep dive into its origins, construction and whether it\u2019s still relevant in an increasingly eco-conscious world.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><div class=\"related_posts evergreen_funnels\"><h3>Like this? Read these:<\/h3><div class=\"flex space-x-4\"><div class=\"related_post w-1\/2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/2012\/08\/what-is-sanforization-and-why-does-it-matter\/\"><img width=\"360\" height=\"225\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/what-is-sanforization-and-why-does-it-matter-360x225.jpg\" class=\"left wp-post-image\" alt=\"What-is-Sanforization-and-Why-Does-It-Matter\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><noscript><img width=\"360\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/08\/what-is-sanforization-and-why-does-it-matter-360x225.jpg\" class=\"left wp-post-image\" alt=\"What-is-Sanforization-and-Why-Does-It-Matter\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/noscript><h4>What is Sanforization and Why Does It Matter?<\/h4><\/a><\/div><div class=\"related_post w-1\/2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/2015\/04\/boat-shoes-camp-mocs-blucher-mocs-know-difference\/\"><img width=\"360\" height=\"225\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/QuoddyBlucher-360x225.jpg\" class=\"left wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><noscript><img width=\"360\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/04\/QuoddyBlucher-360x225.jpg\" class=\"left wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/noscript><h4>Boat Shoes, Camp Mocs, and Blucher Mocs &#8211; Know the Difference<\/h4><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Where Does Fleece Come From?<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_147407\" style=\"width: 1055px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147407\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147407\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/what-is-fleece-image-via-jottnar.jpg\" alt=\"What-is-Fleece-Image-via-Jottnar\" width=\"1045\" height=\"699\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-147407\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Image via Jottnar<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite getting its name from (and resembling) a sheep\u2019s coat, \u2018fleece\u2019 is the term for the synthetic fuzzy fabric that\u2019s almost exclusively made from polyester. It\u2019s occasionally blended with natural fibers to enhance its texture, warmth or other properties. Before we get into the nitty-gritty of fleece\u2019s origins, it\u2019s important to understand how the fabric is made. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">First, at around 302-410 degrees Fahrenheit, terephthalic acid is reacted with ethylene glycol, also known as antifreeze (stay with us). It\u2019s heated again to even higher temperatures and, as it cools, becomes polyethylene terephthalate. The polymer is then forced through a series of tiny holes into a stringy consistency which hardens before being processed into yarn.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_147408\" style=\"width: 1055px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147408\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147408\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/what-is-fleece-caption-basic-diagrams-of-polyester-manufacture-and-recycling-plastic-bottles.jpg\" alt=\"What-is-Fleece-Basic-diagrams-of-polyester-manufacture-and-recycling-plastic-bottles\" width=\"1045\" height=\"699\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-147408\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Basic diagrams of polyester manufacture and recycling plastic bottles<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The material first came about in the 1970s, when Malden Mills\u2014an American textile manufacturer that previously specialized in wool and faux fur\u2014realized the potential of using man-made fibers to make imitation shearling. This embryonic material was the starting point for all the variations of fleece that exist today. It was soft, warm, quick-drying and breathable, and once a certain Yvon Chouinard got wind of the development, it swiftly hit the mainstream.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The history of Malden Mills is another story in itself. The company is technically still in operation, though it suffered a huge factory fire in the mid-&#8217;90s and several bankruptcies before being sold and becoming Polartec LLC, as we know it today. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Founder Aaron Feuerstein never actually patented fleece, and that\u2019s why it\u2019s so widely used across the world. Nevertheless, Polartec LLC remains the sole supplier of fleece to the United States military, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/2019\/03\/north-face-summits-sidewalks\/\"><strong>The North Face<\/strong><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/2019\/01\/behind-patagonia-clothes-outdoors\/\"><strong>Patagonia<\/strong><\/a>, and many other outdoor brands, with an offering of more than 400 different fabrics.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_147410\" style=\"width: 1055px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147410\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147410\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/what-is-fleece-inside-polartecs-factory-in-massachusetts.jpg\" alt=\"What-is-Fleece-Inside-Polartec\u2019s-factory-in-Massachusetts\" width=\"1045\" height=\"699\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-147410\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside Polartec\u2019s factory in Massachusetts.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Speaking of Patagonia, it was around 1979 when its founder\u2019s wife, Malinda Chouinard, discovered Malden Mills\u2019 fuzzy textiles in a Los Angeles market. The brand had been hunting for a reliable fabric to use in mountaineering gear that didn\u2019t weigh or cost as much as wool, and Malinda knew she\u2019d stumbled across the answer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The small company had a few samples made up and tested them out in the mountains, realizing that although the fabric had its problems, it was ideal for the outdoors. \u201cIt insulated when wet, but also dried in minutes, and it reduced the number of layers a climber had to wear,\u201d the brand explains. Over the next few years, Patagonia collaborated with Malden Mills to refine the pile and properties of its fleece, eventually resulting in Synchilla\u00ae, which the label still uses today.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_147411\" style=\"width: 1055px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147411\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147411\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/what-is-fleece-patagonias-synchilla-pullover.jpg\" alt=\"What-is-Fleece-Patagonia\u2019s-Synchilla\u00ae-pullover\" width=\"1045\" height=\"699\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-147411\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patagonia\u2019s Synchilla\u00ae pullover<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Not even a decade passed before other retailers began to incorporate fleece in their outdoor and sportswear offerings. Consumers, too, were impressed by its inexpensiveness and dense, yet lightweight hand that resulted in breathability and water-repellency. Thanks to its perennial popularity, the process of refining the fabric has never really halted, and nowadays its fibers are known to rival cashmere for their fine texture as well as increased resistance to pilling, a problem that plagued the textile for many years. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s also an assortment of extra treatments that can be used to enhance fleece\u2019s weatherproof properties, but since they are often blended with strong chemicals, this can detract from the sustainable aspects of the fabric.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Is Fleece Sustainable?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yes and no. The good part is that increasingly, fleece is made from recycled polyester (mostly using plastic bottles or old textiles), which is, of course, better than producing more virgin fibers. And if you\u2019re vegan, then replacing natural wool fibers with synthetic fleece is a valid option. In terms of the carbon footprint of their manufacture, fleece and wool average out to around the same, however since the former has a better record of durability, it can be argued that this is the more sustainable choice.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The problem is that even when fleece is spun from recycled textiles, polyester still releases microfibers into the water when it\u2019s washed, and on top of that, the fabric doesn\u2019t biodegrade anywhere near as quickly as natural variations do. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to a study by the University of California (and funded by our friends at Patagonia), the average synthetic jacket drops around 1.7 grams of microfibers into the washing machine, which makes its way to the water treatment plant and eventually out into the ocean. To help put a stop to this, you could try using a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.guppyfriend.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Guppy Friend<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a washing bag that aims to minimize fiber shedding and microplastic pollution, but many argue that the solution ought to come from textile manufacturers.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_147412\" style=\"width: 1055px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-147412\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-147412\" src=\"https:\/\/www.heddels.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/11\/what-is-fleece-using-a-guppy-friend-can-help-to-eliminate-microfibers-from-entering-the-eco-system.jpg\" alt=\"What-is-Fleece-Using-a-Guppy-Friend-can-help-to-eliminate-microfibers-from-entering-the-eco-system\" width=\"1045\" height=\"699\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-147412\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using a Guppy Friend can help to eliminate microfibers from entering the eco-system<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Caring For Your Fleece<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we\u2019ve mentioned, fleece is wonder-like in its resilience to wear and tear, but there are still a few things you can do to increase its life. In addition to using a Guppy Friend, you should also be mindful of using heat and excessive chemicals, like fabric softener, in the washing process, so put your fluffy items in the machine on a cold, gentle cycle and let them air dry. Alongside washing, you can easily maintain your garments with DIY repair jobs, like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/eu.patagonia.com\/gb\/en\/worn-wear-guide\/?gid=19433&amp;langid=en\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">replacing a zip<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or patching up a hole.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If your fleece is well and truly worn out then don\u2019t just chuck it in the trash, keep an eye out for local recycling options, or look into Patagonia\u2019s &#8220;Reuse, Recycle&#8221; program, which will give your old items a new life.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you take one thing away from this guide then don\u2019t forget that, as always, investing in a good quality fleece from a trustworthy maker is the best way to go, as is caring for your investment in the right way to ensure it lasts years.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Lead image via Marc Richardson.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Somewhere (hopefully hidden in a dark place), there\u2019s a photograph of seven-year-old me, grinning and clad in a rather offensive&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":134,"featured_media":146445,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4791],"tags":[11588,2582,2361],"acf":{"published_feed_date":"2019-12-09 00:01:34"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v21.8 (Yoast SEO v21.8) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is Fleece? 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